HP Laptop Blue Screen

Any physical part of your computer needs instructions so the system knows how to use it. That's what drivers are. If the instructions are old or damaged, they can cause Blue Screens or performance inconsistencies.

• Check for errors in Device Manager. Press the Windows Key and X and select Device Manager from the menu. If an error is present, the collapsed item in the Device tree will be expanded, and a yellow caution icon will appear for any devices with errors.
• Modern versions of Windows serve most driver updates through standard Windows updates. Right-click the Start Menu and click Settings > Windows Update on the left > Check for updates.
  • You may need to select "View Optional Updates" to see some additional drivers.
• Use HP SupportAssistant or check their support site to download drivers directly from HP. These are often newer than Windows-distributed versions and could contain critical bug fixes.
• The part's manufacturer may have drivers even more current than HP's. This is especially relevant for graphics processing. Check AMD, Intel, or NVidia directly.

Avoid any program advertised as a driver updater if it doesn't come directly from an electronics manufacturer (ie. Intel, AMD, Realtek) or HP. These can install the incorrect drivers at best or malware at worst.

• If updating doesn't resolve the issue, and you think you know which device is the issue, try uninstalling the driver.
  • In Device Manager, find the component you suspect is problematic and right-click it. Select Uninstall from this menu. A checkbox should appear in the confirmation box to also uninstall the driver. Be sure to check it.
  • After the uninstallation, restart your computer and reinstall the current version.
• If the device is graphics-related, DDU might help. It assists with the clean uninstall of graphics drivers from all manufacturers.

Computer viruses and other harmful software can wreak havoc on system stability. They may generate issues the computer can only correct with this restart.

• Scan your computer using an Antivirus. If you do not have dedicated security software, use Windows Defender. It can be accessed from the Windows Security App in most versions of Windows.
  • Want a second opinion about your results? Malwarebytes or ESET Online Scan are free programs providing excellent malware scanning techniques.
  • Many free malware removal tools are available, but a paid solution will be more effective. Be sure to verify legitimacy before using software from any unfamiliar developer, or you may end up worse off than before.
• Remove anything the scan finds. It may also recommend a restart to complete the removal.
• Keep reading through the OS Corruption section and process those fixes as well. Malware can damage Windows as a result of infection.

A corrupt OS means that files critical to the operating system have become invalid or damaged. This usually occurs due to the computer being powered off during an update, the battery dying during use, or even just a failed update. It can lead to odd behavior. Windows provides access to repair tools that correct these corruption issues.

1. Right-click the Start Menu and select Command Prompt, Powershell, or Windows Terminal (Windows 8, 10, and 11 will provide different options).
2. In the window that appears, type sfc /scannow , then press enter. Once it has finished, it will tell you if it found errors and whether or not it could fix them.
3. Restart your system and run sfc again to verify no further corruption is found

If you aren't concerned about losing your data, try the "Nuke Everything" approach and reinstall Windows.

• Windows 10 reset options are in Settings > Update & Security > Recovery.
• Try the "Keep Data" option first; this only reinstalls Windows and removes applications. You files
• For stubborn issues, create a USB installer and use that to install instead.

The harder your laptop works, the more heat it generates. If it generates more heat than its components are rated for, your computer may crash or Blue Screen.

• Check the temperature your hardware is actually reaching. Use Open Hardware Monitor or any of the other temperature monitoring software.
• If temperatures are high, even with nothing much running, it’s time for routine maintenance. Pop open your laptop, arm yourself with some compressed air, and show the dust clinging to your fans who’s boss.
• Ensure your heat sink is attached soundly if CPU or GPU temperatures are high. It should be mounted solidly with screws in the corners.
• To go the extra mile, reapplying thermal paste to your CPU (and GPU if your laptop has dedicated graphics hardware) can optimize thermal transfer to the heat sink and lower operating temperatures.
• In rare cases, your heat sink may need to be replaced. They don't fail often, but there will generally be visual indications when they do. Ensure no bends, kinks, or holes are in the attached pipes. Replace the HP Laptop Heat Sinks if necessary.

If you continue to experience problems and aren't able to load a fresh install of your operating system, or if you are getting a "No Bootable Device" or "Operating System Not Found" error on the BIOS screen, the problem likely originates from your storage device. Stop codes related to storage may reference an inaccessible boot device or other similar phrasing.

• Run diagnostics to verify the health of your drive. HP SupportAssistant has diagnostics built in, but for a quick snapshot, use Crystal Disk Info. Even if this indication reads "Caution," replacing the drive is recommended.
  • If your laptop does not boot or stay, you can connect the drive to another PC via an adapter and run tests.
• Navigate to the page for your model of HP Laptop to find a drive replacement guide that works for you. If you can't find your particular model, following a guide for a similar model can point you in the right direction, even if it's not exactly correct.
• If your device has a more traditional hard drive disk (HDD), consider replacing it with an solid state drive (SSD) for a performance boost. SSDs are more energy efficient and much speedier.

Random Access Memory, commonly known as RAM, is a likely hardware culprit for repeat Blue Screens. Luckily, most HP laptop models still contain at least one stick of modular RAM and are generally easy to replace.

• Memory-related faults can cause myriad Blue Screen errors. They commonly reference the page file or paging, which is one way that Windows refers to a space that can save temporary data.
• Reseat your RAM modules. Numerous tiny pins could be slightly out of alignment. Removing them and reinstalling might be all it takes to fix this.
• Test your RAM by running a diagnostic. HP SupportAssistant contains quick and extended RAM tests, or you can use Windows Memory Diagnostics.
  • If you want a second opinion, IT Professionals have been using memtext86 for ages. It's a free tool, and their documentation is excellent! But it will require a bit more knowledge to use.
• RAM tests are notoriously long, and minor failures are difficult for tests to find. Trust diagnostic failures, but not passes. Multiple diagnostic runs may be needed to find an issue.
• If you recently upgraded your RAM and are getting blue screens related to it, verify the compatibility of your installed RAM with your HP laptop.
• If you have more than one module installed, ensure the specs match. At least speed and capacity should be identical.
• Replace the memory if diagnostics fail—either increasing the overall size or keeping the exact amount and speed.
• Newer HP laptops will have the RAM soldered to the board. In this case, you will need to replace the HP Laptop Motherboards.

Be especially mindful when replacing the RAM to get something that is compatible. Crucial has a compatibility checker for their products you can use to validate.

If the above tips have failed, the issue might be caused by the motherboard. Damage to the motherboard due to physical trauma, electrical surges, or other hardware-related issues can impact functionality. A faulty motherboard can lead to erratic behavior, intermittent freezing, crashing, or system instability.

• Check for diagnostic codes. After a Blue Screen, you may get additional error codes. The Power LED, or CAPS Lock LED, will blink in a pattern to designate errors.
  • Older HP laptops often use beep codes to indicate hardware issues during the boot process. A certain pattern of beeps indicates a specific fault.
  • Referencing these codes can identify issues with hardware components already discussed (memory or hard drive), but can also point to CPU, BIOS or other motherboard failures.
• HP laptops have their CPU soldered to the motherboard. If your blue screen codes indicate CPU failure, you must HP Laptop Motherboards.
• Inspect the laptop's motherboard for signs of physical damage, such as burnt components, liquid residue, corrosion, or other visible issues. If you find any damage, replace the board or consult a pro.
• Circuit boards can often be repaired by a knowledgeable technician with soldering (or microsoldering) experience. Ask your local repair shops if you don't think you could do this yourself.