On my phone, it is the rear-facing camera. I took out the camera and a slight tap on the side reproduces the rattling sound I have been hearing. I can take the spudger tool and lightly push the lens to the side and when I let go it rattles. On my phone, I am 100% sure this is the cause. Though my power button is also visibly loose, when I tap or shake my phone without the camera installed, the rattle is completely gone. I don't know if replacing the camera would fix it or not. I can't decide if it is worth the money to try. If someone has any experience with a replacement camera, that would be helpful.
Great guide. Be careful that the silence button is workable before reassembling everything. It is easy to think the switch is in place when it really isn’t. Also, be careful when adhering the new cable to the housing as accurate alignment is essential for the cable to not have a significant kink in it when trying to align it with the logic board. I found that following the markings on the back housing were pretty close when adhering the cable and deciding where to put it. I got sick of messing with battery adhesives and tried to use none and the battery is totally stable once the phone is reassembled and doesn’t rattle around at all.