Ciao, ti suggerisco di provare il macbook con un solo banco di ram alla volta , cambiando sia il banco di ram che lo slot, vedi se c’e una combinazione dove il problema non si presenta
Giovanni ha fatto centro, il sensore è esattamente lo stesso della batteria , la cosa piu probabile quando non va in stop e’ proprio quello rotto. Capita spesso
https://www.amazon.it/Express-M-2-NGFF-2013-2014-2015-Apple-convertire-A1493-A1502-A1465-A1466/dp/B017QXT8IS/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_it_I...-1 you need something like that, it depends of where you want to put the MacBook ssd
from the recording it’s seem a shortcut, an electric problem. You have to remove back cover, open the lid and put the MacBook on the side of a table face down (keyboard on the table, monitor 90 degrees outside the hedge of the table) so you can turn it on and analyze exactly what is happening
yes, kernel task is usually related with thermal sensors, you have open it ? it’s a really delicate MacBook. If it was mine I will at first check another usb cable, and after that I will replace usb 3 connector inside the laptop, really unexpensive test
maybe a defective battery? I suggest a SMC reset with case open so you can take a look at the led and be sure that I turn off for a second (smc reset confirmed)