This is a general troubleshooting guide for all bikes. While most bikes are made the same there are some that may not follow these exact guidelines. But before you try tackling bigger problems here are some tips for general bicycle maintenance.
Maintenance Intervals
Before Every Ride
- Check tire pressure (You can find the proper pressure rating on the sidewall of the tire).
- Check chain for lubrication. Chain should not be dry or exhibit any rust, but over-lubrication can be just as bad.
- Do a safety check of the bicycle (brakes function properly, wheels are secure in the bike and centered, and bounce bike lightly on ground to pick up on rattles that may indicate loose parts).
- If you have an air sprung suspension fork or rear shock then check air pressure.
- If you are a commuter check to make sure your panniers and other luggage are securely fastened.
- Always carry a kit to fix a flat.
After Your Ride
- Clean bicycle and store to limit exposure to elements that may exacerbate corrosion or rust.
Once a Month
- Do a more through safety inspection (check for cracks in areas where parts are bolted to each other).
- Properly lubricate jockey pulleys on rear derailleur.
- Check crank bolts and chainring bolts for tightness.
- Check for trueness of wheels and play in hubs (do your wheels wobble back and forth).
- Measure chain.
- Check brake pads for wear.
- Check to make sure all rack bolts are tight since they can loosen over a period of time.
- Make sure there is no play in the headset.
- If you have a full suspension mountain bike then check pivot points on the rear end of bike for proper torque specs.
- If you own clipless pedals then lightly lubricate pivot points and springs.
Once Every Six Months
- Check shifting and braking cables and housing for cracking and corrosion.
- Change oil, dust wipers, and replace seals on suspension fork and rear shock.
Once a Year
- Overhaul loose ball bearing hubs.
- Overhaul headset
- Change your all cables and housing
- Replace worn parts (tires, brake pads, grips, handlebar wrap, or chain)
Of course this doesn't apply to every rider. Some people ride more then others. Most bike shops recommend a tune up once a year where you would go over all adjustments. But this provides you a general guideline to prevent having to tackle bigger issues through regular maintenance.
Lubrication
There are lots of both wet and dry lubricants you can use. Wet ones, if used improperly, usually collect more dirt. While many use WD-40 for their lubrication needs, it is not the best lubricant since it washes off easily and can promote rust due to cleaning agents present in it. There are a range of lubricants available at your local bike shop. The lubricant you use really depends on your needs. Those that live in more arid conditions (southwest) may find a light lubricant does the job, but those in wet areas (pacific northwest) might not be able to use the same lubricant because of it's low viscosity which will cause it wash off quickly in wet weather. Ask your local bike shop what they use during bicycle tuneups to get a gauge of what you should be using. Keep in mind that there are different lubricants for different parts of the bike. You wouldn't use a bearing grease for your chain and you wouldn't use a freehub body grease for your pivot points on your derailleurs. Proper lubrication is key in bicycle maintenance and eliminating noise from your bicycle.
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